In class on Wednesday, we discussed
John Stuart Mill and his theory of utilitarianism. It is based upon the idea
that an action is moral in proportion to how much happiness and pleasure that
it produces. At first, I was a bit skeptical of this theory because it
seemed to be somewhat lacking in noble purpose.
We then went on to discuss how
pleasures are ranked in terms of millian ethics. Certain pleasures are
classified in categories of what is a higher and lower pleasure. Lower
pleasures were said to be those that we share with other animals (i.e.
sleeping, eating, drinking, etc.), and the higher pleasures were named as
success, learning, art, love, etc. Mill believed that when faced with a choice,
a person would always choose a higher pleasure than a lower one.
Perhaps I'm not understanding this
fully (or missing the point completely), but the problem that I see with this
is obvious. I disagree in the sense that given the right situation, almost
anyone would choose the lower pleasure rather than the higher. For instance, a
person who is starving to death would always choose the lower pleasure (food),
over any of the higher pleasures mentioned. It is impossible to attain any of
the higher pleasures without first fulfilling the lower pleasures. If you don't
have one, you don't have the other--it's as simple as that. If you're starving,
how can you have feelings of love? If you're sleepy, how can you enjoy a play?
This is why one cannot be said to be superior to the other. The lower pleasures
are necessary to our survival and on that basis, a comparison should not be
made with the higher pleasures.
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